2° Anniversary of the Constitution

The 1989 Constitution, the third since regaining independence, was approved by referendum on February 23 of the same year. It introduces fundamental changes in the political system by enshrining the multi-party system and freedom of association and expression. It marks the end of the one-party socialist state. It defines the modalities of organization and exercise of state power on the basis of a universally accepted principle: the separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers. This Constitution symbolizes Algeria's desire to continue building a democratic State which keeps the motto “By the people and for the people” as its institutional foundation. In the preamble, we read: “Having always campaigned for freedom and democracy, the people intend, through this Constitution, to equip themselves with institutions based on the participation of citizens in the management of public affairs and which achieve social justice, equality and freedom for each and all.” Algeria reaffirms its attachment to the fundamental rights of citizens and human rights. The adoption of this Constitution allowed the birth of numerous political parties, associations, private newspapers and the beginning of an institutional process based on multipartyism.